Ancient Secrets Hidden in the Andean Peaks
Located in the Andes Mountains of Peru lies Machu Picchu. Machu Picchu is an ancient Incan citadel immersed in mystery.
The place was hidden for centuries, and upon its revelation, the site captivated explorers, historians, and travelers alike. But how did the Incas build such an advanced city, and what secrets do its temples hold?
Discovery of Machu Picchu
The American history and explorer Hiram Bingham took on a journey in 1911 that would bring everyone’s attention to Machu Picchu. His journey led him to finding out the “Lost City of the Incas”, the overgrown ruins of an ancient place that were surrounded by stone terraces and intricate structures.
Bingham believed that he found the “Lost City of the Incas” and documented his findings. He introduced the world to Machu Picchu through publications and lectures.
Meaning of the Name
The name Machu Picchu originates from the Quechua language. In this language, Machu means old or ancient, and Picchu translates to mountain or peak.
When combined together, the name means Old Mountain or Ancient Peak. However, according to recent research, the name of the site might have been Huayna Picchu, meaning New Mountain.
Architectural Marvel
Machu Picchu reflects the architectural aesthetics of the Incan land. It spans over 200 structures that are intricately arranged to go with the mountainous terrain.
The agricultural sector comes with expansive terraces with stone retaining walls. The urban sector has religious and ceremonial “edifices” while the lower town consists of storage and residential buildings.
Incan Engineering Techniques
The Incas followed a sophisticated construction technique. Known as ashlar masonry, the system revolves around cutting stones to fit together without the use of mortar.
This method led to extremely earthquake-resistant structures, and the people’s exceptional stonemasonry skills were showcased. The incorporation of trapezoidal windows and doors made the Incan buildings more stable.
Terraced Farming
The agricultural terraces of Machu Picchu are known as “andenes” in Quechua. This is another example of the civilization’s advanced engineering and sustainable farming practices.
These steps played a huge role in erosion control, and the creation of flat surfaces on otherwise rugged terrain made the land arable. Similarly, the terraces made way for the creation of distinguished microclimates at different heights.
Astronomical Significance
The Incas were highly skilled astronomers, and one of the most evident examples of their knowledge and love for astronomy is the Intihuatana stone at Machu Picchu.
This stone was used as a solar calendar to track the movement of the sun. Its name means Hitching Post of the Sun in Quechua, stemming from the belief that it helped “tie” the sun to the sky.
Biodiversity of the Region
Besides being well-known for its Incan architecture, Machu Picchu also boasts biodiversity, which is showcased within the Peruvian cloud forest.
The unique ecosystem comes with orchids, quina trees, and giant ferns. The area also comes with Tremarctos ornatus, bear species, and a wide variety of butterflies and insects, including several that are endemic.
UNESCO World Heritage Site
In 1983, Machu Picchu was recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. This designation highlights Machu Picchu as a masterpiece of human creative genius.
Inca civilization’s advanced art, urban planning, and engineering have all been displayed via Machu Picchu. The UNESCO recognition also takes into account the surrounding environment besides the archaeological ruins.
One of the New Seven Wonders
In 2007, Machu Picchu was named the New Seven Wonders of the World. This honor came after a global poll organized by the Swiss-based New Open World Corporation in which millions of people cast their votes via the internet.
This recognition has further established Machu Picchu’s global profile. Groups such as tourists, historians, and preservationists have paid increased attention to it.
The Inca Trail
The Inca Trail is well-known for its trekking route that leads trekkers through diverse Andean landscapes to the ancient citadel of Machu Picchu. This hike offers the perfect blend of natural beauty and historical significance.
Trek options include the classic Inca Trail, which takes approximately 4 days and 3 nights. Due to the trail’s popularity, hikers must obtain permission via a permit system.
Elevation and Climate
Machu Picchu is located at approximately 7,970 feet above sea level. The area enjoys a subtropical climate that goes through warm, humid days and cooler nights.
The region experiences significant rainfall, especially between November and March. The area is often covered in morning mists rising from the Urubamba River located below.
Preservation Efforts
Machu Picchu is Peru’s most visited tourist attraction and generates a significant amount of revenue. However, the area also faces challenges in terms of the environmental and human impact.
The most significant problem the area is facing right now is that of visitor management. Widespread protests due to concerns over environmental impact and the preservation of the site’s integrity are common, leading to the need for proposals for infrastructure developments.
The Temple of the Sun
Machu Picchu’s most significant and enigmatic structure is the Temple of the Sun. This temple does a great job of reflecting the Inca civilization’s architectural prowess.
The temple has a semi-circular design and is built on top of a solid granite rock. Access to the temple is currently restricted in an effort to preserve the area’s structural integrity.
The Royal Tomb
Another significant structure within Machu Picchu, the Royal Tomb, is located below the Temple of the Sun. The chamber is carved into a natural cave and comes with finely crafted stonework.
One of the most prominent features of the tomb is a large, two-tiered altar with a symbolic staircase. Talking about hidden gems, check out Chichen Itza (Secrets Of The Mayan Empire) and find out how the empire operated.
The Sacred Plaza
The Sacred Plaza is a ceremonial area within Machu Picchu. The plaza offers breathtaking views of the surrounding mountains and the Vilcanota valley.
The plaza is divided into the main Temple, the Temple of the Three Windows, and the Priest’s House. If you’re interested in finding out about the Silk Road, check out The Silk Road (Spices, Textiles, Cultural Exchange).
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